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GLP-1s (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists) are a class of medications mainly used for type 2 diabetes and weight management. They mimic the natural GLP-1 hormone, which helps control blood sugar and appetite.

Here are the main types of GLP-1 receptor agonists, grouped in a way that makes them easy to understand:

 1. Short-acting GLP-1s (daily or twice daily)

These work quickly but don’t last long in the body.

• Exenatide (Byetta) – taken twice daily

• Lixisenatide (Adlyxin) – taken once daily

 Best for: controlling blood sugar after meals (postprandial glucose)

 2. Long-acting GLP-1s (once daily or weekly)

These stay in your system longer and provide steadier effects.

Once daily:

• Liraglutide (Victoza, Saxenda)

  • Victoza → diabetes

  • Saxenda → weight loss

Once weekly:

• Dulaglutide (Trulicity)

• Semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy)

  • Ozempic → diabetes

  • Wegovy → weight loss

• Exenatide ER (Bydureon)

 Best for: overall glucose control + weight loss

 3. Oral GLP-1 (unique option)

• Semaglutide (Rybelsus) – taken as a daily pill

 Only GLP-1 that isn’t injected

 4. Dual incretin (GLP-1 + GIP)

These go beyond traditional GLP-1 drugs.

• Tirzepatide (Mounjaro, Zepbound)

 Acts on GLP-1 + GIP receptors
Often produces greater weight loss and glucose lowering

Key differences at a glance

• Frequency: twice daily → once weekly → oral daily

• Effect strength: newer drugs (semaglutide, tirzepatide) tend to be more potent

• Weight loss: strongest with semaglutide and tirzepatide

• Convenience: weekly injections or daily pill